I'm a pilot and I used to fly a Beechcraft Baron B55.
For heat they used a Janitol Heater
http://www.ramaircraft.com/Aircraft-Parts/Heaters/Aircraft-Heaters.htm which used a small amount of fuel while providing a lot of heat. Taking off from Appleton, Wisconsin on a minus 20 degree day climbing to 15,000 feet where the temperature was minus 30, 40 or 50 you had to have reliable source of heat.
To keep weight down the Baron didn't rely on a huge amount of insulation, cruising speed was about 190 mph so the effect of wind chill was dramatic. But we were always warm and toasty. For flight planning I seem to remember using figuring a couple gallons on a four or five hour flight but it's been a long time since I've been in a Baron.
They were safe or the FAA would never approve them for airplanes. I've never read of an incident or accident report related to a Janitol heating unit.
I would think a unit a third of the size, using a third of the fuel, would be plenty sufficient to keep a car warm even in the coldest of cold weather. The plus part is the heat is instant.
But now I live in a part of the country where air conditioning is a must have or it's a deal breaker. I could live all year without the heat but I couldn't live without air.