Ok, so I fixed the problem. I've attached photos of the fix and a description under each. But basically here's the synopsis:
Problem: When plugging in the charge cable, my volt didn't charge. The green charge light on the actual charger would come on fine (no red light). The green light on the dash would not come on. There wouldn't be the 'charge cord connected' message in the instrument panel. Basically the car wasn't seeing that the charger was connected at all.
What I tried: Blowing out with an air hose the charger plug and receptacle on the car. Opened and shut car driver door per suggestions on here.
Solution: I took apart the charger's plug. Inside the chargers plug there is an electric switch that went bad. That switch is activated from a mechanism that has to do with that thumb button on the handle that you depress to unplug from the car. I cut out that switch and bypassed it with a wire nut.
Tools: Torx set. Screwdriver to pry apart handle. Multimeter (not necessary). Wire Stripper/Cutter. Wire nut.
Cost: Less than $10.
Basically its a cheap ass part and the only reason its there is as a safety device to stop voltage from always being at the plug terminals. Something to keep in mind if you've got kids or something, but for me, I bring the charger to work to charge so its either being used or unplugged in the trunk.
Let me know if you have any questions and I'll help.
This is the faulty switch.
You can see the grey wire nut being used to bypass that switch after I cut it out
The switch was a part of a mechanism that included all these white plastic parts. I removed all these white plastic pieces. One of the pieces was already broken, I'm not sure if it was already broken or if it broke when opening the handle.
Here is where i routed the wire nut and right before I put the handle back together. Note: I kept the thumb release button and the metal tab that gives it spring. Also, I tested the DC voltage coming off of the terminals after the fix using the multimeter; I was getting voltage readings from both of the large terminals using the bottom single large terminal as the ground.